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The map of the system — how the pieces fit together
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This work assembles some twenty named objects — three completenesses, ten principles, seven functions, three instruments, two loops, seven classes, three epistemic rungs. None is decorative: each consumes what another produces. Each is defined in the right place; no single place, until now, showed how they fit together. It is this burden on memory that the present map relieves. It replaces the former boxes “How to read this document” and “How to read the boxes”, whose substance it takes over in full.¶ 1
The five levels not to be confused
An externality is not a fault; an incidence is not a causal relation; a causal relation is not a legal liability; a theory of accountability does not impose a determinate institution; and a proposed architecture is not yet an empirical result.¶ 2
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| Level | Content | Question | Cross-reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. The field of effects | Twenty families of externalities, five modes of transmission, several time horizons and categories of actors. | Which costs, risks, benefits or transfers cross borders or generations? | §2; applications §8–11 |
| 2. The analytical foundations | Externalities, accountability, global administrative law, institutional design, welfare economics, causal inference, resilience and AI governance. | Which lenses explain part of the problem, and what limits do they retain? | §1, §4, §9, §15 |
| 3. The distinctive theoretical contribution | Accountability deficit; three completenesses; interfaces; negative mandates; stopping rules; S0–S6 routing; two loops. | Which general conditions must any credible architecture satisfy? | §1.3–1.7; §4; §9.7; §15 |
| 4. The candidate instantiation | Seven functions and three instruments, which may be hosted by existing institutions, networks or distinct bodies. | Which institutional configuration satisfies the design requirements? | §5–7 |
| 5. Testing and adoption | Applications, empirical protocols, stress tests, competing architectures, pilots and graduated trajectory. | Does the arrangement produce more value than its alternatives, at a proportionate cost? | §8–15 and annexes |
The three keys — the misreadings to avoid
The theory is not the organisation chart. The Global Accountability Chain — the three completenesses — is the contribution; the 7+3 is only a candidate instantiation of it, compared with lighter architectures and revocable if one of them protects evidence, independence and redress just as well at lower cost (§4.4-4.6). Refuting the 7+3 does not refute the chain; refuting one case — the monetary one is one family out of twenty — refutes neither the one nor the other.¶ 3
Two loops, one case file. The chain responds to effects that are observed or sufficiently measurable; the preventive loop acts on reasonably foreseeable cascades (§1.5, §15). No alert creates a consequence: it creates procedural duties — to examine, to notify, to give reasons for the response.¶ 4
Nothing beyond its status. Every claim carries a category (Table 1, infra), every figure a rung (Box 10, infra), every box a type. An accounting incidence is neither a welfare loss nor a fault; a rating is not a liability; “programme-derived” means “to be replicated”.¶ 5
The map-table — each object, what it presupposes, what it feeds
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| Object | In one sentence | Defined at | Builds on | Feeds into |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Invisible externalities | A harm unmeasured, measured but unpriced, or priced but not justiciable — three deficiencies, three remedies | §2.2 | — | The triage that grounds the seven functions (§5) |
| Twenty families · five modes | The landscape of harm, by form and by transmission channel, anchored in third-party sources | §2.3–2.4 | §2.2 | The choice of test cases (Part III); the mandate of the HuIB |
| Accountability deficit | Functions without a duty-holder; duty-holders without a forum; affected parties without information or avenue of redress | §2.5 | §2.2–2.4 | The three completenesses — the answer, term by term |
| Law of attrition · power hypothesis | What survives is what obliges no one; the “blank” arises from the absence of a duty-holder, not from the veto alone | §2.6–2.7; Box 9 | §3 | P3 (consent); the adoption strategy (§12) |
| Global Accountability Chain | Accountability as a property of architecture: three cumulative completenesses — functional, relational, procedural | §1.4; §4 | §2.5 | The 7+3; the test of rival architectures (§4.5) |
| Negative mandates | Each body defined by what it forbids itself — the architecture’s first firewall | §4.2 (P2); §4.7 | The completenesses | Each §5.x; Table 12 |
| Stopping rules | The institutional right not to conclude, not to attribute, not to price | §1.7; §4.2 | — | S0–S6; Box 9; §9 |
| Interface integrity | No consequence on an output that does not carry its supporting evidence pack | Boxes 4–5; §5.9 | Procedural completeness | Table 13; the demonstrator (§8) |
| Principles P1–P10 | The normative specification for any instantiation | §4.2; §15.5 | The convictions of §4.1.1 | Sections 5 to 7; the instruments (§6) |
| The seven functions | Measure → rate → price → adjust → finance → certify → adjudicate: one function, one duty-holder | §5 | §4.7; P1–P9 | The four test cases; Tables 12–13 |
| The three instruments | The Charter (the norms) · the GAF (the parties’ obligations) · the Call (participation) | §6 | P3 | Adoption (§12); Annexes N–P |
| The two loops | Respond to the observed effect (the chain); prevent the foreseeable cascade (the preventive loop) | §1.5; §15 | The completenesses | The alert protocol (Annex L) |
| Four categories of claim | Verifiable · programme-derived · design proposal · normative commitment — every sentence carries its own | Tab. 1 (§1.10) | — | The typology of the boxes; all the evidence |
| Three-rung ladder | Accounting incidence → plausible attribution → identified causality — never above its rung | Box 10 (§9.2) | Table 1 | The estimates of §9; Annexes F–G, I |
| S0–S6 routing | Seven classes of spillover; only two (S3–S4) open efficiency correction | §9.7 | Stopping rules | GFEA (§5.4); the Court (§5.8) |
| Non-additivity A / B / C | Market costs, welfare, transfers: three ontologies that never add up | Box 2; §9.2 | — | All the aggregates (Box 3; Table 26) |
| Fifteen mechanisms · seven rules | The anatomy of monetary spillover and its discipline of bounded attribution | §9.1–9.2 | Rungs; S0–S6 | Annexes F, G, I, J, M |
| The four test cases | Data centre · monetary · Sevilla · peace — four evidential statuses, never added together | §8–11 | 7+3; the discipline | The pilot (§12.5) |
| M / F / I configurations · L, AP scales | The gradation of adoption: from light protocol to regime, through decision gates | §4.6; §12 | P3; P7 | The UN sequence (§12.7); the rejection criteria (§14) |
The status of claims
Not all propositions have the same force. Reading must preserve the distinction between what is documented, what results from the internal programme, what constitutes a design proposal, what formulates an objection and what forbids any conclusion. This discipline is part of the theory: a decision cannot be more certain than the evidence it carries.¶ 6
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| Status | Meaning | Consequence for reading |
|---|---|---|
| VERIFIABLE FACT | Item documented by an identifiable source. | May support the diagnosis, not necessarily a causality or an obligation. |
| PROGRAMME RESULT | Estimate, coding or simulation still contestable and sometimes not replicated. | Requires data, code, assumptions, ranges and publication threshold. |
| DESIGN PROPOSAL | Institutional or procedural choice offered for comparison. | Must be compared with lighter alternatives and submitted to a pilot. |
| OBJECTION | Criticism, conflict of principles or anticipated failure mode. | Must remain visible even when an answer is proposed. |
| STOPPING OR REJECTION CRITERION | Condition prohibiting attributing, pricing, activating or maintaining. | Protects against automaticity and makes the proposal refutable. |
Reading pathways
The work can be read continuously, but its structure allows targeted pathways. The durations are indicative: they give an order of priority, not a hierarchy of audiences.¶ 7
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| Pathway | Priority sections | Reading question |
|---|---|---|
| 15 minutes — grasp the thesis | Executive Summary; The argument in one page; the diagram of the chain; the final rule of this guide. | Understand the problem, the three completenesses, the status of the 7+3 and the proposed decision. |
| 45 minutes — understand the core | §1.3–1.7; §2.5; §4; §5.9; §15.1–15.5. | See how deficit, completenesses, interfaces, functions and prevention fit together. |
| Public decision-maker / international institution | Abstract; §2–3; §5–7; one application §8–11; §12–13. | Assess utility, modularity, cost, risks and avenues of adoption. |
| Institutional researcher | §1.9–1.11; §4; §13–14; Annexes A, D, E. | Examine theoretical originality, alternatives, refutability and research programme. |
| Central bank / economist / econometrician | §9; Annexes F, G, I, J, M and L. | Audit mechanisms, counterfactuals, bounds, full cycle and protocols. |
| Lawyer | §3; §5.4–5.8; §6; §9.6–9.7; §12.1; Annexes H, N, O. | Distinguish incidence, equity, breach, consent, jurisdiction and redress. |
| AI, data and algorithmic audit | §7; §8; §15; Annexes L and O. | Assess authority, provenance, plurality, non-propagation and operation without AI. |
| Development, peace and resilience | §10–11; §12; §15. | Test actionability, theory of change, do-no-harm and rapid modes. |
| By the 25 contributions | Begin with the F1–F7 family corresponding to the question, then follow the cross-references. | Use the matrix as a conceptual index rather than as a ranking. |
Citer cette section
Yaïche, Nizar (2026). The map of the system — how the pieces fit together. In The Humanity Compact (v2.3). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22746533
@incollection{yaiche_hc_the_map_of_the_system_how_the_pieces_fit_together,
author = {Yaïche, Nizar},
title = {The map of the system — how the pieces fit together},
booktitle = {The Humanity Compact},
year = {2026},
version = {2.3},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.22746533},
publisher = {Zenodo},
url = {https://humanitycompact.org/ouvrage/the-map-of-the-system-how-the-pieces-fit-together/}
}Ouvrage de Nizar Yaïche, ancien ministre des Finances de la République tunisienne. Qui est l’auteur ?