Risk,Possible manifestation,Safeguard,Stopping signal
Politicisation of measurement,Selection of cases or parameters according to alliances.,"Pre-registration, multiple teams, publication of conflicts of interest and external audit.",Unexplained systematic divergence according to the identity of the parties.
Stigmatisation through the rating,A rating becomes an identity-based or sovereign label.,"Multidimensional rating, uncertainty interval, right of reply and prohibition of automatic use.",Economic or diplomatic effects disproportionate to the evidential content.
Disguised sanction,Financial correction becomes punitive.,"Separation of the efficiency, equity, solidarity and legal windows; proportionality review.",An amount with no demonstrated link to the net loss or to the legal basis.
Capacity asymmetry,Powerful actors control the data and the avenues of redress.,"Independent assistance, funded counter-assessment and local representation.",Persistent absence of substantive participation by the affected parties.
Over-judicialisation,Adjudication closes a political space necessary for compromise.,"Mediation first, limited jurisdiction, procedural remedies and review.",Multiplication of procedures without improvement in conduct or results.
Dangerous disclosure,"Transparency exposes persons, resources or negotiations.","Classification, minimisation, anonymisation, graduated access and deferred publication.","Credible risk to security, to rights or to mediation."
Algorithmic error,A bias propagates across several decisions.,"Containment, adversarial testing, versioning, degraded mode and human signature.",Inability to reproduce or explain a significant output.
Asymmetric club,"The weak are bound, the powerful remain outside the regime.","Reciprocity, equivalence, distributive assessment and right of orderly withdrawal.",Lasting concentration of obligations on recipients without commitment from source jurisdictions.